時(shí)間:2021年05月22日 分類:教育論文 次數(shù):
摘要:定語(yǔ)從句是高中語(yǔ)法的重要組成部分,也是歷年高考考查的重點(diǎn)。雖然學(xué)生在初中就已經(jīng)初步接觸了解定語(yǔ)從句,但是由于定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞的多樣性,先行詞比較復(fù)雜,并且從句本身的位置非常靈活的特點(diǎn),所以學(xué)生有時(shí)也會(huì)感到束手無(wú)策。根據(jù)筆者的教學(xué)實(shí)踐,可以從定語(yǔ)從句的釋義、解題步驟、關(guān)系詞、固定搭配等方面去解題。
關(guān)鍵詞:定語(yǔ)從句;先行詞;關(guān)系詞
一.定語(yǔ)從句釋義。
定語(yǔ)從句,簡(jiǎn)潔地說(shuō),就是像形容詞那樣充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的從句。例如,He is an actor who has been awarded many prizes. 這里定語(yǔ)從句就是who has been awarded many prizes, 修飾前面的actor。提到定語(yǔ)從句,不得不講到先行詞和關(guān)系詞。先行詞,被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞,必須在定語(yǔ)從句之前。an actor就是先行詞。關(guān)系詞有who,where,that,why,which,as,whom,when,whose。其中關(guān)系詞又分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。切記that和why不能用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。
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二.定語(yǔ)從句解題3步走
1找出先行詞。先行詞為人用who或者that。先行詞為物用that或which。先行詞為整句話用which或as。
2.看從句缺什么成分。一般來(lái)說(shuō)從句主要缺主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)。關(guān)系詞中,做主語(yǔ)的有who,that,which;賓語(yǔ)的有who ,that ,which,whom;定語(yǔ)的有whose;表語(yǔ)的有that,which, as;狀語(yǔ)的有where,when,why。
3.選擇關(guān)系詞。找到先行詞,了解缺什么成分,就直接找對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞了。
三.關(guān)系詞比較
1. 充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)——who,that,which。
先行詞為人:who,that 先行詞為物:which,that
例如:The person who/that is playing the piano is my music teacher.正在彈鋼琴的那個(gè)人是我的音樂(lè)老師。
The bookshelf that/which stood in the corner has just been taken away.昨天在角落的那個(gè)書(shū)架剛被人搬走
1.1. who Pk that,以下情況用who,其余用that。
1.1.1如果先行詞為人,從句用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),只能用who。
例如:Some people say that oldest children, ____ are smart and strong-willed, are very likely to succeed.
1.1.2 當(dāng)先行詞為that,those指人時(shí),后面只用who。
例如:The world is a book,and those who don't travel read only one page.
1.2 that Pk which,以下情況用which, 其余用that。
1.1.1 如果先行詞為物,從句用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),只能用which。
例如:The school, ______ is in Paris, accepts only 80 students every year.
1.1.2 當(dāng)先行詞為that,those指物時(shí),后面只用which。
例如:What’s that _____ was put in the car?
1.1.3 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),只用which。
例如:Children often form bad habits, some of ______ remain with them as long as they live.
2.充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)——which,that,who,whom
先行詞為人:who,that,whom;先行詞為物:which,that。
例如:This is the picture that/which I told you about.這就是我跟你說(shuō)的那副畫(huà)。
I made friends with the students whom/who/that I met in the English Corner.我和去年在英語(yǔ)角遇見(jiàn)的學(xué)生成了好朋友。
關(guān)于who,that,which作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別同它們作主語(yǔ)一樣,就不在復(fù)述。這里要提到的兩點(diǎn)就是:1.當(dāng)先行詞作賓語(yǔ)指人,且后面跟介詞時(shí),只用whom。例如:Behind him were other people to _____ he was trying to talk.which也是同理。2. 限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可省。
3.充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)——whose
Whose表示什么的,后面緊跟名詞。例如:I would thank those people whose smile just melted me.我要感謝那些用微笑融化了我的人。
3.1當(dāng)whose代表人的什么,whose+n=the + n +of + whom. 例如:I would thank those people the smile of whom just melted me.
3.2 當(dāng)whose代表物的什么,whose+n=the + n +of + which=of which +the +n.
例如: Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.=Nobody wants the house the roof of which has fallen in.=Nobody wants the house of which the roof has fallen in.
4.充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)——when,where,why
根據(jù)意思可以,when充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),where充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),why充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。
例如:I still remember the day when I first met my English teacher.我仍然記得第一次見(jiàn)到英語(yǔ)老師的那一天。
I still remember the place where I met my English teacher.我仍然記得第一次見(jiàn)到英語(yǔ)老師的地方。
I still remember the reason why I like English. 我仍然記得喜歡英語(yǔ)的原因。
5.充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)——that ,which,as
例如: Our village isn't the small quite place that it used to be.
His sister has become a lawyer,which she wanted to be.
He is not the same man as he used to be.
從例句中發(fā)現(xiàn)that用類比,可省;which用于非限定從句;as主考搭配。
固定搭配
1.way作成分用that或which;作狀語(yǔ)用that/in which/省略關(guān)系詞。
例如:I think the way(that/which) he told me is the best.我認(rèn)為他告訴我的方法是最好的。
Please tell me the way that/in which/ you did the job.請(qǐng)告訴我你做事的方式。
2. during+ which+time
3.as 搭配:the same...as,as we expect,as has been said before
總結(jié)
關(guān)于高中定語(yǔ)從句的解題技巧,這里只是筆者的一些個(gè)人看法。定語(yǔ)從句還有許多特別之處。總之,在教學(xué)定語(yǔ)從句的用法時(shí),要抓住定語(yǔ)從句在句子中的功能和關(guān)系詞的用法,不斷積累、總結(jié),以便學(xué)生能在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用上更加自如。
作者:趙夢(mèng)嬌